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Modelling the anxiety-depression continuum in chicks

¹ Department of Behavioral Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, AR, USA
² Department of Health and Human Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
³ Departments of Psychology and Pharmacology and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

	Abstract

Abstract

The clinical syndromes of anxiety and depression are now thought to exist along a temporal continuum and this construct has been modelled in a preclinical setting in chicks separated from conspecifics. This research sought to further the validity of the chick anxiety-depression continuum model. Dose–response studies using two classes of anxiolytics (chlordiazepoxide: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 mg/kg, and clonidine: 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 mg/kg) and three classes of antidepressants (imipramine: 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 15.0 mg/kg, maprotoline: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg and fluoxetine: 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) showed an ability to detect anxiolytic activity of chlordiazepoxide, clonidine, imipramine and maprotoline in the anxiety-like phase of the model and to detect antidepressant effects of imipramine, maprotoline and fluoxetine in the depression-like phase of the model. In addition, blood plasma interleukin-6, a biomarker of stress, was found to be elevated in response to social-separation stress. Collectively, these findings further characterize the model as a simulation of the anxiety-depression continuum and begin to establish the paradigm as a high-utility adjuvant to rodent screening assays for putative anxiolytic and antidepressant compounds.

Key Words: animal model, anxiety, depression, domestic fowl, separation stress

First published on May 30, 2008, doi:10.1177/0269881108089805

Journal of Psychopharmacology 2009;23:143.

A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2009


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