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Do the affective properties of smoking-related cues influence attentional and approach biases in cigarette smokers?

Centre for the Study of Emotion and Motivation, School of Psychology, University of Southampton,Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

	Abstract

Research indicates that drug-related cues elicit attention and approachbiases in drug users. However, attentional biases are not unique toaddiction (e.g., they are also found for emotional information). Thisstudy examined whether attentional and approach biases in cigarettesmokers are mediated by the motivational salience of cues (relevance todrug-taking), rather than by their affective properties (subjective likingof the cues). Cues included pleasant and unpleasant smoking-relatedpictures. Attentional biases, approach tendencies and subjectiveevaluation of the cues were assessed on visual probe, stimulus-responsecompatibility and rating tasks, respectively. Compared with non-smokers,smokers showed a greater attentional bias for both pleasant andunpleasant smoking-related cues presented for 2000ms, but not for200ms. Smokers showed a greater approach bias for unpleasant cues,although the groups did not differ significantly in approach bias forpleasant smoking-related cues. Smokers rated both pleasant andunpleasant smoking pictures more positively than did non-smokers.Results suggest that a bias to maintain attention on smoking-relatedcues in young adult smokers is primarily a function of drug-relevance,rather than affective properties, of the cues. In contrast, approachtendencies and pleasantness judgements were influenced by drug use,drug-relevance and the affective properties of the cues.

Key Words: drug dependence, cigarette smoker, attentional bias, approach bias, stimulus evaluation, affective properties, visual probe task, stimulus-response compatibility task

First published on January 21, 2008, doi:10.1177/0269881107083844

Journal of Psychopharmacology 2008;22:737.

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2008


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