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Effects of haloperidol, clozapine and olanzapine on the survival of human neuronal and immune cells in vitro

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, heiser{at}mailer.uni-marburg.de

Frank Enning

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Jürgen-Christian Krieg

Krieg Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Helmut Vedder

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Cytotoxic effects on neuronal as well as on immune cells have been reported for both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. We evaluated the effects of different concentrations of a typical (haloperidol) and two atypical (clozapine, olanzapine) antipsychotics on the survival of human neuronal (SH-SY5Y cells) and immune cells (U937 cells) by determining the metabolic activity after 24 h of incubation by the modified tetrazolium method. The dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and the lymphoma U-937 cell line are well established models for in vitro investigations. To further elucidate possible mechanisms of action we also determined the ATP content in the cultured cells.

After experimental treatment, significant effects were detected by Kruskal Wallis test for all treatment conditions. Post-hoc tests (Dunn's method) showed that haloperidol and clozapine at the two highest concentrations (25 and 50 µg/ml) caused a significant decrease of metabolic activity in both cell systems, which was also detectable after treatment with clozapine at a concentration of 12.5 µg/ml in U937 cells. In contrast, olanzapine induced a significant increase in metabolic activity of SH-SY5Y cells at all concentrations except for the concentration of 3.1 µg/ml, whereas the metabolic activity in U937 cells was increased at concentrations of 1.6 and 6.25 µg/ml. For the determination of ATP content, the LD₅₀ values of the metabolic activity were used, except for olanzapine for which no distinct LD₅₀ value was available. Significant changes were detected for all treatments and post-hoc tests revealed that haloperidol caused a significant decrease compared to the control condition in both cell systems. These findings suggest that antipsychotic substances of different classes exert differential metabolic effects in both neuronal and immune cell systems.

Key Words: antipsychotic • toxicity • metabolic activity • ATP • cell

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This version was published on November 1, 2007

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 21, No. 8, 851-856 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0269881107077221


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This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by HeiSer, P. Articles by Vedder, H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by HeiSer, P. Articles by Vedder, H. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB CLOZAPINE HALOPERIDOL Social Bookmarking                         What's this?