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Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 9, No. 3, 273-280 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/026988119500900311

Neurochemical and some related psychopharmacological aspects of Tourette's syndrome: an update

G.B. Baker

Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada

P.R. Chokka

Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada

R.A. Bornstein

Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

Neurochemical investigations of Tourette's syndrome (TS) suggest that the symptoms of this disorder may be the result of an imbalance among several neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator systems. Neurochemicals which have been studied included: catecholamines; acetylcholine; tryptophan and its metabolites; the amino acids {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, phenylalanine and p-tyrosine; trace amines; opioid peptides; cyclic AMP and androgenic hormones. A suitable animal model of TS would do much to advance our understanding of this disorder, and there are some interesting recent developments in this regard.

Key Words: acetylcholine • amino acids • androgenic hormones • ß-phenylethylamine • catecholamines • cyclic AMP; dynorphin • kynurenine • serotonin • Tourette's syndrome • tryptamine • review


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