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Journal of Psychopharmacology
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research-article

Is there a neuroendocrinological rationale for testosterone as a therapeutic option in depression?

M Ebinger

Department of Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany martin.ebinger{at}mh.org.au

C Sievers

Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

D Ivan

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

HJ Schneider

Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

GK Stalla

Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

Abstract

Depression is a disease of growing incidence and economic burden worldwide. In view of increasing treatment resistance, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In addition to its gonadal functions, testosterone has many effects on the central nervous system. An association between testosterone levels and depressive symptoms has been proposed. Many hormones and neurotransmitters are involved in the aetiology and the course of depression including serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, vasopressin and cortisol. Testosterone is known to interact with them. Preclinical data suggest that testosterone has antidepressant potential. However, the data from clinical studies have been inconsistent. This review provides a critical overview on the currently available preclinical and clinical literature and concludes with clinical recommendations.

Key Words: depression • neuroendocrinology • testosterone

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 23, No. 7, 841-853 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0269881108092337
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