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Modelling the anxiety-depression continuum in chicks

Department of Behavioral Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, AR, USA

CJ Huang

Department of Health and Human Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

EO Acevedo

Department of Health and Human Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

KJ Sufka

Departments of Psychology and Pharmacology and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA pysufka{at}olemiss.edu

Abstract

The clinical syndromes of anxiety and depression are now thought to exist along a temporal continuum and this construct has been modelled in a preclinical setting in chicks separated from conspecifics. This research sought to further the validity of the chick anxiety-depression continuum model. Dose–response studies using two classes of anxiolytics (chlordiazepoxide: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 mg/kg, and clonidine: 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 mg/kg) and three classes of antidepressants (imipramine: 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 15.0 mg/kg, maprotoline: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg and fluoxetine: 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) showed an ability to detect anxiolytic activity of chlordiazepoxide, clonidine, imipramine and maprotoline in the anxiety-like phase of the model and to detect antidepressant effects of imipramine, maprotoline and fluoxetine in the depression-like phase of the model. In addition, blood plasma interleukin-6, a biomarker of stress, was found to be elevated in response to social-separation stress. Collectively, these findings further characterize the model as a simulation of the anxiety-depression continuum and begin to establish the paradigm as a high-utility adjuvant to rodent screening assays for putative anxiolytic and antidepressant compounds.

Key Words: animal model • anxiety • depression • domestic fowl • separation stress

This version was published on March 1, 2009

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 143-156 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0269881108089805


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