This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (5) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Rösner, S. Articles by Soyka, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Rösner, S. Articles by Soyka, M. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Acamprosate supports abstinence, Naltrexone prevents excessive drinking: evidence from a meta-analysis with unreported outcomes

IFT, Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany, roesner{at}ift.de, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Stefan Leucht

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Philippe Lehert

Department of Statistics, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium

Michael Soyka

Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, Private Hospital Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland

Two pharmacological agents have repeatedly been shown to be efficacious for relapse prevention in alcohol dependence: The putative glutamate-antagonist acamprosate and the opioid-antagonist naltrexone. Clinical evidence for both drugs is based on various outcome criteria. Whereas for acamprosate primarily abstinence maintenance has been demonstrated, studies with naltrexone have mostly emphasised the prevention of heavy drinking. The remaining effects of both drugs are not always reported; accordingly the corresponding database is fragmentary. Thus, the primary objective of the present meta-analysis was to complete the efficacy profiles for acamprosate and naltrexone and to compare them with each other. Unreported results, requested from the study investigators and the drug manufacturers, were integrated in the computation of effect sizes. For the meta-analysis, emphasis was placed on the conceptual distinction between having a first drink and returning to heavy drinking. Naltrexone was found to have a significant effect on the maintenance of abstinence as well as the prevention of heavy drinking. Acamprosate was shown only to support abstinence; it did not influence alcohol consumption after the first drink. When the efficacy profiles of the two drugs were compared, acamprosate was found to be more effective in preventing a lapse, whereas naltrexone was better in preventing a lapse from becoming a relapse. The superiority of either one drug or over the other one cannot be determined as a general rule, it rather depends on the therapeutic target. Benefits in the treatment of alcohol dependence might be optimized by matching the efficacy profiles of specific antidipsotropics with the motivational status of alcohol-dependent patients.

Key Words: acamprosate • naltrexone • abstinence • relapse • meta-analysis • reporting bias • differential indication

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 22, No. 1, 11-23 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0269881107078308


CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?