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The smoking Stroop and delay discounting in smokers: effects of environmental smoking cues

School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, UK, mfield{at}liverpool.ac.uk

Michelle Rush

School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, UK

Jon Cole

School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, UK

Andrew Goudie

School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, UK

We investigated the effects of exposure to environmental smoking-related cues (holding a lit cigarette in an environment previously associated with smoking) on cigarette craving, colour naming of smoking-related words in a modified Stroop task, and on the delay discounting of hypothetical rewards, in daily cigarette smokers (N = 30). Compared to exposure to neutral cues, exposure to smoking-related cues was associated with increased cigarette craving and slower colour naming of smoking-related compared to matched control words. However, smoking cues had no effect on delay discounting. These results suggest that smoking cues increase craving and the ability of smoking-related words to grab the attention, but do not influence impulsive decision-making. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Key Words: smoking cues • Stroop • delay discounting • nicotine • craving

This version was published on August 1, 2007

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 21, No. 6, 603-610 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0269881106070995


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