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Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents in transition to adult services and in adults: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, david.j.nutt{at}bristol.ac.uk

K. Fone

University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK

P. Asherson

MRC Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK

D. Bramble

Telford & Wrekin PCT, Shrewsbury, UK

P. Hill

London, UK

K. Matthews

University of Dundee, Dundee UK

K. A. Morris

Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

P. Santosh

Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK

E. Sonuga-Barke

University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

E. Taylor

Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK

M. Weiss

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

S. Young

Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an established diagnosis in children, associated with a large body of evidence on the benefits of treatment. Adolescents with ADHD are now leaving children’s services often with no readily identifiable adult service to support them, which presents problems as local pharmacy regulations often preclude the prescription of stimulant drugs by general practitioners (GPs). In addition, adults with ADHD symptoms are now starting to present to primary care and psychiatry services requesting assessment and treatment. For these reasons, the British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) thought it timely to hold a consensus conference to review the body of evidence on childhood ADHD and the growing literature on ADHD in older age groups. Much of this initial guidance on managing ADHD in adolescents in transition and in adults is based on expert opinion derived from childhood evidence. We hope that, by the time these guidelines are updated, much evidence will be available to address the many directions for future research that are detailed here.

Key Words: ADHD • hyperkinetic disorders • hyperactivity • impulsivity • psychostimulants • psychotherapy • co-morbidities

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