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Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology

Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, dsb1{at}soton.ac.uk

Ian M. Anderson

Department of Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

David J. Nutt

University of Bristol, Bristol, Psychopharmacology Unit, Bristol, UK

Borwin Bandelow

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

A. Bond

Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK

Jonathan R. T. Davidson

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA

J. A. den Boer

School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Naomi A. Fineberg

Department of Psychiatry, University of Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, UK

Martin Knapp

Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK

J. Scott

Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK

H. -U. Wittchen

Technical University of Dresden and Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.

Key Words: anticonvulsants • antidepressants • antipsychotics • anxiety disorders • anxiolytics • benzodiazepines • cognitive behaviour therapy • evidence-based guidelines • generalized anxiety disorder • obsessive-compulsive disorder • panic disorder • post-traumatic stress disorder • simple phobia • social phobia • SSRI • treatment • venlafaxine

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