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Selective Processing of Smoking-Related Cues in Current Smokers, Ex-Smokers and Never-Smokers on the Modified Stroop Task

Cancer Research UK General Practice Research Group, University of Oxford, UK, marcus.munafo{at}clinpharm.ox.ac.uk

Karin Mogg

Centre for Study of Emotion and Motivation, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK

Sarah Roberts

Cancer Research UK General Practice Research Group, University of Oxford, UK

Brendan P. Bradley

Centre for Study of Emotion and Motivation, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK

Michael Murphy

Cancer Research UK General Practice Research Group, University of Oxford, UK

The aim of this study was to investigate selective processing biases towards smoking-related stimuli in relation to acute abstinence and smoking history. Differences in the processing of smoking-related and control cues in current smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers on the modified Stroop task were investigated, with smokers randomized to either abstain or smoke normally for a period of 24 h. The results indicated no significant effect of deprivation (abstinent versus non-abstinent smokers), or of smoking history (ex- versus never-smokers) on colour-naming times for smoking-related versus control words. However, there was a significant effect of smoking status (current versus non-smokers) on colour-naming times for smoking words compared to control words (i.e. slower colour-naming of smoking-related words in smokers). This effect approached significance when stimuli were presented in a masked exposure condition. Among smokers, colour-naming interference was associated with the personality trait of Sensitivity to Reward. These results indicate a processing bias for smoking-related cues in current smokers. However, this bias does not appear to be a permanent feature of nicotine addiction, given the lack of difference between ex-smokers and never-smokers.

Key Words: personality • selective processing • smoking • Stroop task

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 17, No. 3, 310-316 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/02698811030173013


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